Antibiotics and common over-the-counter drugs, while essential for treating infections and managing health conditions, can have unintended consequences on gut health. The gut is home to trillions of bacteria that play a crucial role in digestion, immunity, and even mental well-being. However, frequent or improper use of antibiotics and medications can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to digestive issues and long-term health problems.
How Antibiotics Affect Gut Bacteria
Antibiotics work by killing harmful bacteria, but they don’t discriminate—meaning beneficial bacteria in the gut are also destroyed. This disruption can lead to:
- Diarrhoea and digestive issues – A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhoea, caused by an imbalance in gut bacteria.
- Overgrowth of harmful bacteria – When beneficial bacteria are wiped out, harmful bacteria like Clostridium difficile (C. diff) can take over, causing severe gut infections.
- Weakened immunity – A compromised gut microbiome can make the body more susceptible to infections and inflammation.
The Impact of Painkillers and Antacids
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can damage the gut lining, leading to ulcers and increased gut permeability (leaky gut).
- Antacids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid, which is necessary for digestion and preventing bacterial overgrowth in the intestines. Long-term use can affect nutrient absorption and gut microbiota diversity.
How to Restore Gut Health After Medication
To rebuild gut health, focus on:
- Eating fermented foods like ogi (pap), kunu, and nono to replenish good bacteria.
- Consuming prebiotic-rich foods like plantains, yams, and beans to nourish beneficial bacteria.
- Taking probiotics (either through food or supplements) to restore microbial balance.
- Staying hydrated to support digestion and prevent constipation.
By being mindful of medication use and incorporating gut-friendly foods, you can maintain a healthy digestive system and minimize the negative effects of antibiotics and other drugs.
Folasade Akinwumi
Food Scientist & Advocate for Gut Health